Introduction
Recently, some claims have suggested that people with ADHD are more likely to commit crimes because about 20% of the prison population has the diagnosis. This interpretation is misleading and fuels stigma. Let’s set the record straight.
1. What studies actually show
Yes, research has found a higher prevalence of ADHD in prisons. But this does not mean ADHD causes crime. The link is explained by social vulnerability, lack of treatment, substance abuse, and impulsivity, not by criminal genes.
2. Genetics of ADHD
Main genes: DRD4, DAT1, COMT, SNAP25, LPHN3. Function: dopamine and norepinephrine regulation, executive function, attention. These genes are connected to focus and impulsivity, not to violence or lack of empathy.
3. Genetics of psychopathy and bipolar disorder
Psychopathy: often linked to genes regulating emotional response and empathy (MAOA, OXTR, COMT in specific contexts). Bipolar disorder: associated with neuronal plasticity and mood regulation. These are the conditions that show stronger links to aggressive or antisocial behavior, not ADHD.
4. The real risk factors
Lack of early diagnosis and treatment. Exclusion from school and work opportunities. Comorbidities such as conduct disorder or substance abuse.
5. Why stigma is dangerous
Labeling ADHD as a “crime risk” is harmful and false. With proper treatment, people with ADHD live productive and creative lives, with risks no different from the general population.
Conclusion
👉 ADHD is not a genetic predisposition to crime. It is a neurodevelopmental condition that, when supported, can be a source of creativity, energy, and innovation.
Example
In fact, when ADHD coexists with psychopathic traits, what we often see are not “master criminals,” but rather impulsive, poorly planned actions — like the “clumsy robbers” who get caught because of their lack of organization. This proves once again: ADHD is about impulsivity, not cruelty.